Secrets of the blackcap: Scientists solve bird migration mysteries!

Secrets of the blackcap: Scientists solve bird migration mysteries!

The blackcap, a widespread songbird in Europe, fascinates not only ornithologists, but also scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology. Every year, millions of these birds migrate across the continent to their winter quarters in autumn. But where exactly do these birds' paths lead? Despite intensive research, this question remains unclear. Loud ARD media library Blackcaps show a high degree of adaptability in their behavior, their food and their migration routes and destinations.

A current study led by Miriam Liedvogel is examining the migratory behavior of blackcaps in detail. Innovative geolocators are used here, which are attached to the backs of the birds. These devices record light intensity and migratory paths of blackcaps, representing a significant advance in the observation of this bird species. While previous research was often based on experiments with captured birds or irregular recaptures, the new study documents the migrations of 100 individual blackcaps, providing more precise data about their routes.

Insights into migratory behavior

The study shows that blackcaps migrate far south in autumn, covering thousands of kilometers. “Changes in landscapes and climate change have a strong influence on the migratory behavior of birds,” reports Max Planck Society. The research also identifies migratory differences in Europe: While eastern birds move to the southeast, western species orient themselves to the southwest.

One notable factor is the inheritance of migratory behavior from parents. Intersections between west- and east-migrating blackcaps show an intermediate southward orientation. This intermediate migration direction is evident in nature and allows birds to successfully return to their breeding grounds despite ecological barriers. Interestingly, the orientation preference changes within a narrow area of ​​just 27 kilometers.

Winter quarters and spring return

Some groups of blackcaps even migrate north in winter and overwinter in the UK. Since the 1960s there has been an increase in blackcaps flying to this cool winter home. Mild winters and supplementary feeding in gardens are probably reasons for this change. These overwintering blackcaps return to their breeding grounds in spring about ten days earlier than their counterparts that overwinter in the south.

The findings from this research could lay the foundation for the search for genes that influence the migratory behavior of blackcaps. It remains exciting to see what other secrets about the fascinating journeys of these birds will still be unraveled.